Towards equitable higher education: an analysis from the perspective of inclusive educations

Abstract

Inclusive education has become a fundamental approach to ensuring the right to equitable and quality education, recognizing diversity as a central element of the educational process. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution, foundations, and challenges of inclusive education within the context of higher education through a qualitative approach based on documentary review. From the analysis of various academic sources, it was identified that inclusion has moved beyond traditional models focused on integration toward the transformation of educational policies, cultures, and practices. The results reveal significant progress in the development of regulatory frameworks and the consolidation of inclusive discourse; however, important gaps in implementation persist, particularly those related to teacher training, curricular rigidity, and institutional limitations. Likewise, the need to adopt flexible pedagogical strategies, promote the use of digital technologies, and strengthen collaborative work is highlighted as key mechanisms to address student diversity. In this sense, inclusive education is understood as a dynamic process that requires the commitment of all educational stakeholders to eliminate barriers to learning and participation. It is concluded that advancing toward inclusive educational systems involves not only ensuring access but also transforming educational structures to promote equity, social justice, and the comprehensive development of all students.